Vertebral Arter Darlıklarında Endovasküler Tedavi

Amaç: Vertebral arter darlığı olan hastalarda endovasküler stent tedavisinin endikasyon, teknik başarı, güvenilirlik ve etkinliğinin tartışılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Haziran 2012 ve Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında vertebral arter darlığı tanısı ile endovasküler stent yerleştirilen 10 hastanın 3 kadın, 7 erkek medikal kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 63.9 yıl idi aralık: 47−78 yıl . Hastalara, mevcut semptomları, klinik öykü ve dijital subtraksiyon anjiyografi sonrası vertebral arter darlık oranına göre endovasküler stent tedavisi uygulandı. İşlemler lokal anestezi altında gerçekleştirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen dokuz hastada %90 %50’nin üzerinde vertebral arter orjin V0 ve proksimal V1 darlık saptanmış olup ortalama darlık oranı %65 olarak hesaplanmıştır. %50’nin altında darlık bulunan bir hastada baş-boyun kitlesinin neden olduğu bası ve invazyon nedeniyle profilaktik amaçlı kaplı stent uygulandı. Hastaların sadece birinde subklavian arterde yumuşak plak bulunması ve buna bağlı distal emboli riski nedeniyle distal koruyucu filtre sistemi kullanıldı. Ortalama stent uzunluğu ve çapı sırasıyla 21.8 mm aralık: 12-39 mm ve 4.5 mm aralık: 4-6 mm hesaplandı. İşlem sonrası tüm hastalarda yeterli lümen açıklığı sağlandı ve teknik başarı %100 olarak kabul edildi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak vertebral arter darlıklarının endovasküler tedavisi, özellikle medikal tedavi başarısız ya da yetersiz olan hastalarda düşük komplikasyon oranları ve yüksek teknik başarı ile güvenli ve etkili bir tedavi yöntemidi

The annotation scheme of the Turkish Discourse Bank and an evaluation of inconsistent annotations

In this paper, we report on the annotation procedures we developed for annotating the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that extends the Penn Discourse Tree Bank (PDTB) annotation style by using it for annotating Turkish discourse. After a brief introduction to the TDB, we describe the annotation cycle and the annotation scheme we developed, defining which parts of the scheme are an extension of the PDTB and which parts are different. We provide inter-coder reliability calculations on the first and second arguments of some connectives and discuss the most important sources of disagreement among annotators

The annotation scheme of the Turkish Discourse Bank and an evaluation of inconsistent annotations

In this paper, we report on the annotation procedures we developed for annotating the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that extends the Penn Discourse Tree Bank (PDTB) annotation style by using it for annotating Turkish discourse. After a brief introduction to the TDB, we describe the annotation cycle and the annotation scheme we developed, defining which parts of the scheme are an extension of the PDTB and which parts are different. We provide inter-coder reliability calculations on the first and second arguments of some connectives and discuss the most important sources of disagreement among annotators

Annotating Subordinators in the Turkish Discourse Bank

In this paper we explain how we annotated subordinators in the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that started in 2007 and is still continuing. We introduce the project and describe some of the issues that were important in annotating three subordinators, namely kars¸ın, ragmen ˘ and halde, all of which encode the coherence relation Contrast-Concession. We also describe the annotation tool

Türkçe Söylem Bankası için işaretçiler arası uyum ölçüm metodolojisi.

In the TDB[1]-like corpora annotation efforts, which are constructed by the intuitions of the annotators, the reliability of the corpus can only be determined via correct interannotator agreement measurement methodology (Artstein, & Poesio, 2008). In this thesis, a methodology was defined to measure the inter-annotator agreement among the TDB annotators. The statistical tests and the agreement coefficients that are widely used in scientific communities, including Cochran’s Q test (1950), Fleiss’ Kappa (1971), and Krippendorff’s Alpha (1995), were examined in detail. The inter-annotator agreement measurement approaches of the various corpus annotation efforts were scrutinized in terms of the reported statistical results. It was seen that none of the reported interannotator agreement approaches were statistically appropriate for the TDB. Therefore, a comprehensive inter-annotator agreement measurement methodology was designed from scratch. A computer program, the Rater Agreement Tool (RAT), was developed in order to perform statistical measurements on the TDB with different corpus parameters and data handling approaches. It was concluded that Krippendorff’s Alpha is the most appropriate statistical method for the TDB. It was seen that the measurements are affected with data handling approach preferences, as well as the used agreement statistic methods. It was also seen that there is not only one correct approach but several approaches valid for different research considerations. For the TDB, the major data handling suggestions that emerged are: (1) considering the words as building blocks of the annotations and (2) using the interval approach when it is preferred to weigh the partial disagreements, and using the boundary approach when it is preferred to evaluate all disagreements in same way.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Pair Annotation: adaption of pair programming to corpus

This paper will introduce a procedure that we call pair annotation after pair programming. We describe initial annotation procedure of the TDB, followed by the inception of the pair annotation idea and how it came to be used in the Turkish Discourse Bank. We discuss the observed benefits and issues encountered during the process, and conclude by discussing the major benefit of pair annotation, namely higher inter-annotator agreement values